Into the aftermath of developing c- section prices all over establishing world and likewise in Pakistan, there is certainly paucity of real information concerning the inclination of Pakistani ladies for the mode of distribution. Therefore, this research explored the causes behind their particular inclination. A cross-sectional research ended up being conducted with a non-probability consecutive sampling method including 232 expectant mothers. Majority (87.5%) would prefer a vaginal distribution because it is the natural way of having a baby as well as its data recovery is faster. Moreover, ladies Immunohistochemistry view so it is easier to provide immediate care and breastfeeding to your newborn. Fear of surgery was the key discouraging factor for a c-section. Nonetheless, there have been 12.5% feamales in favour of caesarean part, among whom a big part feared birth injury into the newborn, labour discomfort, or problems of genital delivery such as for instance feasible faecal or urinary incontinence. Pakistani ladies at big desire a standard vaginal delivery and then the increasing trends of c- section is not related to the demand of this expecting women. Ergo, there is a need for elucidating and explicating the true and maybe the undisclosed good reasons for the increasing prices of caesarean section as a mode of distribution in Pakistan.Pakistani females at huge desire a standard genital distribution and therefore the increasing trends of c- section can not be related to the demand regarding the expecting ladies. Therefore, there was a need for elucidating and explicating the true and perhaps the undisclosed cause of the increasing rates of caesarean part as a mode of delivery in Pakistan. Urolithiasis is a prevailing ailment affecting all age groups across worldwide populace. In modern-day innovative business endoscopic instruments alterations and miniaturization has actually simplified the interventional strategy for doing these procedures for renal stones. Nevertheless, there is paucity of scientific studies regarding outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in elder age bracket. We aimed to report success prices and problems in elder age-group. This is a retrospective summary of the charts for subjects that underwent unilateral PCNL from 2012 till 2018 November at a tertiary care hospital at money of Pakistan. Patients of age ≥60 years were opted for because of this research. PCNL procedures were carried out in prone position. We applied the man stone rating (rock medical student complexity) to forecast the web link between PCNL. Information regarding factors had been taped in specified proforma and then processed in SPSS version 16 when it comes to statistical computations. Overall 79 patients were included for this research. Typical presenting issue in center was flank discomfort followed closely by haematuria and fever correspondingly. Mean age in this evaluation had been computed as 63.36±5.19 years. Mean dimensions for calculi had been 449±163mm2. One patient underwent transfusion after surgery while only 2.5% among these customers had sepsis (post PCNL treatment). Rock free price was dramatically suffering from Dudes stone rating (GSS). PCNL can be undertaken properly and effectually for achieving treatment goals even in elder subjects. Stone no-cost prices are greater in lower Dudes stone score as compared to the larger scores.PCNL may be undertaken properly and effectually for attaining treatment objectives even in elder topics. Stone free rates are greater in lower Guys rock rating when compared with the bigger ratings. This research has been carried out in young ones with Steroid centered nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) to check for the response to cyclophosphamide and relapse on followup for one 12 months after conclusion of therapy. This study was conducted over two years and nine months. Customers were taken as steroid dependent when there were two consecutive relapses happen on steroids tapering or within a fortnight of stopping therapy. Kiddies of either sex between ages of 1-14 years, diagnosed case of SDNS were most notable study. Renal biopsy was not done in any client. After achieving remission with dental steroids, cyclophosphamide was handed after calculation of optimum cumulative dose 168 mg/kg for 8 – 12 days along with dental steroids. Follow up done every fourteen days till conclusion of treatment for response and adverse effects and thereafter for example 12 months. There were 31 patients, 23 (74.2%) male and 8 (25.8%) females. Age ranged from 1.5 many years check details to 11 many years with mean age 5.44±2.39 many years. There clearly was complete response to cyclophosphamide as none of patient had proteinuria on cyclophosphamide therapy. After completion of cyclophosphamide course, four customers (12.9%) relapsed on followup while 87.9% stay static in complete remission. Only one feminine client (3.23%) had undesirable result in type of hair fall and she restored after conclusion of treatment. Nothing of patient revealed other adverse impact including haematuria. Thalassemia major may be the severe form of β thalassemia described as serious anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly and facioskeletal changes because of increased haemolysis of flawed red blood cells. In iron overburden says, high levels of metal exceed the iron-carrying ability of transferrin inside the plasma, causing the synthesis of nontransferrin-bound iron form.